Flat Plate in Forced Convection — Isothermal
Calculates the average convective heat transfer coefficient and total heat rate for a flat plate held at a uniform surface temperature in a uniform free-stream flow. The correlation automatically switches between laminar and mixed (laminar–turbulent) regimes based on the Reynolds number.
Film Temperature
Fluid properties are evaluated at the film temperature:
Tf=2Ts+T∞Reynolds Number
ReL=μρUL=νULNusselt Number
For laminar flow (Re_L < 5 × 10⁵):
Nu=0.664ReL0.5Pr1/3For mixed (laminar–turbulent) flow (Re_L ≥ 5 × 10⁵):
Nu=(0.037ReL0.8−871)Pr1/3The constant 871 accounts for the laminar leading-edge section before the turbulent boundary layer develops.
Heat Transfer Coefficient and Heat Rate
h=LNu⋅k Q=h⋅A⋅(Ts−T∞),A=L×WValidity
- Prandtl number range: 0.6 – 50 (gases and light liquids).
- Not suitable for liquid metals (Pr ≪ 1) or heavy oils / silicones (Pr ≫ 50).
References
- Schlichting, H., Boundary Layer Theory, 7th ed., McGraw-Hill, 1979.
- Schultz-Grunow, F., Luftfahrtforschung, vol. 17, p. 239, 1940.
- Holman, J.P., Heat Transfer, 7th ed., McGraw-Hill, 1990.