Norway Explores Floating Nuclear Power Plants with Small Modular Reactors
Oslo, Norway – Norwegian nuclear project developer Norsk Kjernekraft and energy developer Ocean-Power have announced a collaboration to explore and develop concepts for floating nuclear power plants powered by small modular reactors (SMRs). A memorandum of understanding was signed on August 13, 2025, laying the groundwork for solutions that integrate emission-free nuclear energy with flexible maritime platforms. This initiative aims to bolster Norway's energy security, support its climate objectives, and provide stable power for industrial, societal, and offshore operations.
A New Frontier for Norwegian Energy
The cooperation between Norsk Kjernekraft and Ocean-Power signifies a strategic move to leverage Norway's extensive maritime expertise in the realm of advanced nuclear technology. The proposed floating power plants are envisioned to have an output of 200-250 MW, capable of supplying electricity to nearby offshore platforms and integrating with the onshore grid. This approach offers a novel solution for delivering reliable, climate-friendly energy, particularly for power-intensive industries and remote regions where conventional grid expansion might be challenging.
Ocean-Power CEO Erling Ronglan emphasized the potential for such projects to mobilize the Nordic supplier industry, creating world-leading solutions. Norsk Kjernekraft CEO Jonny Hesthammer added that this collaboration is a crucial step towards ensuring long-term nuclear power investment in Norway, drawing upon the best of Norwegian industry.
Strategic Importance for Climate Goals and Industrial Growth
Norway, which historically relies almost entirely on hydropower and wind for its electricity, is now seriously considering nuclear power as a component of its future energy mix. The integration of SMRs, especially in a floating format, could provide a stable and consistent energy supply, critical for industries such as data centers and manufacturing that require substantial and uninterrupted power. This could also play a significant role in decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors by providing both electricity and process heat.
The flexibility of floating nuclear power plants means they can be moved or towed to various locations, offering power on demand to remote areas. Furthermore, their design is inherently resistant to earthquakes, and they benefit from being surrounded by water for cooling purposes.
Broader Nuclear Ambitions in Norway
The exploration of floating nuclear plants is part of a wider trend of renewed interest in nuclear power within Norway. Norsk Kjernekraft has been actively pursuing several land-based SMR projects across the country. These include potential sites in:
- Svalbard: A joint project company, Svalbard Kjernekraft AS, has been launched with Swedish lead-cooled SMR developer Blykalla to develop an SMR power plant, replacing the former coal-fired power supply in Longyearbyen. An assessment program has already been submitted to the Governor of Svalbard.
- Halden: Norsk Kjernekraft is involved in a project with Halden Kjernekraft and Østfold Energi to investigate building up to four SMRs with a total capacity of 1,200 MW, potentially supplying power for data centers.
- Austrheim: A new company has been established with Austrheim Municipality to consider SMR deployment near the Mongstad oil refinery, aiming to significantly reduce CO₂ emissions.
- Other Municipalities: Proposals for SMR power plants have also been submitted for consideration in Aure and Heim, Vardø, and Øygarden municipalities.
These initiatives collectively signal a significant shift in Norway's energy policy, with the government instructing agencies to develop plans for environmental impact assessments for commercial nuclear projects.
Addressing Challenges and Looking Ahead
While the concept of floating nuclear power plants offers numerous advantages, it also presents regulatory and environmental considerations. Historically, concerns have been raised by environmental groups regarding the potential risks of such installations in marine environments. However, proponents emphasize modern SMR designs with enhanced safety features and the ability to operate for extended periods without refueling.
The collaboration between Norsk Kjernekraft and Ocean-Power will focus on investigating, developing, and maturing solutions in accordance with Norwegian legislation and regulations. The goal is to draw on the broad experience and expertise of Norwegian and Nordic industries to ensure safe and efficient deployment. This pioneering effort could position Norway at the forefront of maritime-based nuclear energy solutions, contributing to a diversified and low-carbon energy future.
