A high-temperature thermal treatment process used to smelt, roast, or incinerate waste materials to recover valuable metals. It is essential in industrial engineering for high-throughput reclamation of metals from complex streams like spent batteries and electronic waste.
A high-temperature thermal treatment process that utilizes controlled heating to induce chemical reactions, such as oxidation or phase transformations, in mineral concentrates without melting them. It is widely used to convert alpha-spodumene to the highly reactive beta form, rendering the lithium soluble for subsequent extraction.